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                <h1 class="kratos-entry-title text-center">arraybuffer二进制图片转换</h1>
            
            
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                <li><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> 2022-01-12</li>
                <li><i class="fa fa-user"></i> 作者 cuishikang</li>
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            <p>::: tip 介绍<br>通过JS方法来转换arraybuffer二进制图片 <br><br>:::</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h2 id="什么是二进制图片"><a href="#什么是二进制图片" class="headerlink" title="什么是二进制图片"></a>什么是二进制图片</h2><ul>
<li>我们做登录的时候 经常会用到验证码 有的验证码是手机验证 有的验证码是后端传来的二进制图片验证码 如果我们遇到后端二进制图片验证码 就需要给其转换 让其二进制图片转换成前端可渲染的<code>base64</code>图片</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20220112100310691.png" alt="image-20220112100310691"></p>
<ul>
<li>这种图片在前端的二进制类型中 属于<code>arraybuffer</code>二进制类型 推荐到<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/97768916">这里</a> 去了解JavaScript的二进制的三种类型</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="如何请求和如何转换"><a href="#如何请求和如何转换" class="headerlink" title="如何请求和如何转换"></a>如何请求和如何转换</h2><ul>
<li>想得到<code>arraybuffer</code>类型的二进制图片 你需要在请求接口的时候指定相应类型 <code> responseType: &#39;arraybuffer&#39;</code> 才可以获取到</li>
<li>该笔记是面向于vue项目开发</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>第一步 通常我们会在utils中二次封装axios 在二次封装的axios中单独处理获取二进制图片的接口</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> axios <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;axios&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 设置axios的根路径</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> service = axios.<span class="title function_">create</span>(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="comment">// 读取生产环境的跟路由 在.env.production中配置</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">baseURL</span>: process.<span class="property">env</span>.<span class="property">VUE_APP_BASE_API</span> <span class="comment">// url = base url + request url</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// withCredentials: true, // send cookies when cross-domain requests</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// timeout: 5000 // request timeout</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 进行特殊处理获取arraybuffer二进制图片的特殊封装</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> http = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 不需要携带参数的post的arraybuffer类型的二进制数据</span></span><br><span class="line">  getImage (url) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> service.<span class="title function_">post</span>(url, <span class="literal">null</span>, &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 设置数据格式为arraybuffer</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">responseType</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;arraybuffer&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;)</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 命名导出</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> &#123; http &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>第二步 在api接口中 使用特殊处理的方法</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 导入处理的arraybuffer相应类型</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 导入arraybuffer二进制图片的特殊封装</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; http &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@/utils/request&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 获取二进制图片接口</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 不需要携带参数的post的arraybuffer类型的二进制数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">async</span> <span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">getImageApi</span> () &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">await</span> http.<span class="title function_">getImage</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;/api/sysUser/image&#x27;</span>) <span class="comment">// 这里api地址 自行替换成后端接口文档提供的即可</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>第三步 这个时候当你在页面上调用后 你会发现 返回的数据格式如下</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://jinyanlong-1305883696.cos.ap-hongkong.myqcloud.com/image-20220112101605695.png" alt="image-20220112101605695"></p>
<ul>
<li>说明已经获取到后端的二进制图片啦 这时候你需要在前端进行特殊处理 把他转换成前端可渲染的<code>base64</code> </li>
<li>我们处理二进制图片的时候 可以再axios的请求拦截器中做处理 当然你也可以在vue页面进行转换</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// response interceptor</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 请求返回之后的拦截器</span></span><br><span class="line">service.<span class="property">interceptors</span>.<span class="property">response</span>.<span class="title function_">use</span>(</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   * If you want to get http information such as headers or status</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   * Please return  response =&gt; response</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">  */</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   * Determine the request status by custom code</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   * Here is just an example</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   * You can also judge the status by HTTP Status Code</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">   */</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="params">response</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> res = response.<span class="property">data</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (res.<span class="property">code</span> !== <span class="number">200</span>) &#123; <span class="comment">// 这里根据后端适配 我们项目没有code值 直接就是arraybuffer格式的二进制 通常都是直接arraybuffer格式</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 验证码处理：返回的是arraybuffer,需要转成base64</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 1.把arraybuffer转换成二进制字符</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 2.把二进制字符转换为base64 (btoa方法)字符给img使用</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">const</span> indexs = response.<span class="property">config</span>.<span class="property">responseType</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">if</span> (indexs == <span class="string">&#x27;arraybuffer&#x27;</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="title class_">Promise</span>.<span class="title function_">resolve</span>(</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="string">&#x27;data:image/png;base64,&#x27;</span> +</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="variable language_">window</span>.<span class="title function_">btoa</span>(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Uint8Array</span>(res).<span class="title function_">reduce</span>(</span><br><span class="line">              <span class="function">(<span class="params">data, byte</span>) =&gt;</span> data + <span class="title class_">String</span>.<span class="title function_">fromCharCode</span>(byte), <span class="string">&#x27;&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">            )</span><br><span class="line">          )</span><br><span class="line">        )</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="title class_">Promise</span>.<span class="title function_">reject</span>(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Error</span>(res.<span class="property">msg</span> || <span class="string">&#x27;服务器出错&#x27;</span>))</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">return</span> res</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>第四步 在vue页面中调用该接口 获取到base64</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; getImageApi &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@/api/user&#x27;</span>    </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">async</span> getImage () &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">imgSrc</span> = <span class="keyword">await</span> <span class="title function_">getImageApi</span>()</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 此时this.imgSr 就已经处理好成base64啦</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="参考文献"><a href="#参考文献" class="headerlink" title="参考文献"></a>参考文献</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/97768916">聊聊JS的二进制家族：Blob、ArrayBuffer和Buffer</a></p>

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